RESUMO
Context: In the mixed dentition period, malocclusion is in dormant stage, any interception should be preceded by a mixed dentition space analysis. Aims: To derive new regression equation in sample subjects (indigenous group) with no intermaxillary tooth size discrepancy (Bolton's ratio) residing in Davangere and to evaluate its accuracy. To assess the difference of tooth dimensions between males and females and difference between right and left of dental arches. Setting and Design: Descriptive study. Subjects and Methods: One hundred and fifty children (11–15 years) were included and dental casts were made. A digital Vernier caliper was used for the measurement of teeth. Bolton's ratio was calculated. Group A: Casts without Bolton's discrepancy and Group B: Casts with Bolton's discrepancy. Statistical Analysis Used: The data were analyzed with the SPSS software version 22.0. New regression equations were derived using correlation and regression analysis. Results: No statistically significant difference was recorded between the actual and predicted mesiodistal widths (MDWs) of permanent canine and premolars in maxilla and mandible, with/without Bolton's discrepancy. Males had statistically significant higher mean in maxillary and mandibular canine dimensions than female and no statistically significant difference between right and left side of dental arches was found. Conclusion: New regression equation was formulated for Davangere population, in which actual and predicted widths of permanent canines and premolars were found to be almost similar when established from sample with/without Bolton's discrepancy. In MDWs, the canine showed significant sexual dimorphism and no clinically significant variations were seen in the right and left sides of both the arches.
RESUMO
Superoxide dismutase, ascorbic acid, glutathione and uric acid levels were decreased and xanthine oxidase, glutathione-s-transferase activities were increased in alcohol treated (2 g/kg body weight, once daily for 30 days) group. However, treatment with ethanolic extract of ginger (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg body weight, po, once daily for 30 days) these parameters came to normalcy showing the antioxidant effect of ginger. The antioxidant compounds of ginger may modulate the oxidative stress parameters. The biochemical findings were supplemented by histopathological examination of the kidney. Severe congestion and degenerative changes in tubules in alcohol treated rats were restored by ginger extract treatment. The results confirm the renal protective effect of ginger in alcohol treated rats.
RESUMO
Exercise together with chronic ingestion of ethanol produces physiological and morphological alterations in skeletal muscle. The present study has been carried out to investigate the combined effect of exercise and ethanol ingestion on selected energy metabolic profiles of skeletal muscle fibres with reference to age induced changes. Wistar strain albino rats of two age groups (3 months & 18 months) were divided into four groups - Group I, sedentary control (SC); Group II, exercise (ExT) (30 min, speed of 23 m/min/day/5 days/week for a period of 8 weeks); Group III, ethanol treated (Et) (20% ethanol, 2 gm/kg body weight); Group IV, exercise trained + ethanol treated (ExT + Et) as mentioned in Groups II and III. The animals were sacrificed after 24 hours of the last treatment by cervical dislocation, and the skeletal muscle fibres of gastrocnemius (GN) and soleus (SOL) were isolated from the hind limbs, and selected energy metabolic profiles such as carbohydrates, glycogen, and free amino acids were estimated. The total carbohydrate content, glycogen and FAA are significantly elevated with ExT and also with combination treatment. However, the same parameters were decreased with ethanol intoxication in both skeletal muscle fibres when compared with sedentary control rats. The results suggest a beneficial role of exercise in preventing ethanol-induced toxicity.